Five Critical Factors in Industrial Control System Integration

Ali Awais Amin Control system integration is fundamental to industrial automation. Automation professionals with even a rudimentary knowledge of system integration realize and understand that isolation is coming to an end. In fact, control system integrators provide maximum value to the client by designing the system called for by the project parameters rather than having to tailor a particular proprietary system according to the specific requirements. There are five factors involved in integrating different control systems: Software infrastructure Process databases   Operator interface Alarm management Network security. Each...

Isomerization (Axens Process Licensing)

HIGH OCTANE C5/C6 CUTS VIA ISOMERIZATION PROCESSES MEET MARKET DEMANDS WITH HIGH OCTANE ISOMERIZATION PROCESSES From once-through to advanced recycle isomerization processes, we offer the complete line of isomerization solutions that, by increasing C5/C6 naphtha cut octane numbers up to 92, go far to meet tighter gasoline pool specifications. The isomerate product is free of sulfur, aromatics and olefins, making it an excellent gasoline pool component. Isomerization fits well with the trend to remove benzene precursors from reformer feedstock, and possible co-processing of light reformate fractions can resolve benzene content constraints....

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Cryogenic nitrogen plant

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nitrogen, as an element of great technical importance, can be produced in a cryogenic nitrogen plant with a purity of more than 99.9999%. Air inside a distillation column is separated at cryogenic temperatures (about 100K/-173°C) to produce high purity nitrogen with 1ppm of impurities. The process is based on the air separation, which was invented by Dr. Carl von Linde in 1895. Purpose Gaseous Nitrogen (GAN) plant with production rate of 800 Nm3/hour The main purpose of a cryogenic nitrogen plant is to provide a customer with high purity gaseous nitrogen (GAN). In addition liquid nitrogen (LIN)...

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Pilot-Operated Relief Valve

Like other pressure relief valves (PRV), pilot operated relief valves (PORV) are used for emergency relief during overpressure events (e.g., a tank gets too hot and the expanding fluid increases the pressure to dangerous levels). The difference between PORV and conventional PRV is that pilot valves use system pressure to seal the valve. A PRV typically uses a spring to hold the disc or piston on seat. The essential parts of a PORV are a pilot valve (or control pilot), a main valve, a pitot tube, the dome, a disc or piston, and a seat. The volume above the piston is called the dome. PORV are also called pilot-operated safety valve...

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Hydrogen - The Key Refinery Enabler

By. Stephen Harrison, Linde HiQ In the 21st century, the term “scraping the bottom of the barrel” has become quite literal to the refining industry and hydrogen comes to the fore as a means to do just this Download Complete Article Only a few decades ago, the thick, heavy crudes being utilised today would not have even been a consideration for the production of mainstream products and were used mainly as bunker fuels. Thirty years ago crude quality was a good match with what was being demanded by the market, but today’s refiners are being compelled to dig deeply into the dregs of the remaining resources and must upgrade these crudes to reduce sulphur content and to keep up with market demand and environmental regulations. Hydrogen is therefore absolutely critical to convert...

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