Burner Operating Characteristics

Burners are critical for the successful operation of industrial furnaces. Presented here is a set of equations that can be used to calculate characteristics of burner operation, including flame length, flame diameter, ignitability and flameout conditions. Equations are based on pre-mix burners operating at atmospheric pressure and firing natural gas only. Premix burners create short and compact flames compared to raw gas burners, and are designed to function with fuel-gas mixtures that have consistent specific gravity and composition. Burner requirements For direct-fired heaters to function correctly, burners must be capable of providing...

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Hydrogen Production By Steam Reforming

Management of the gas is critical for petroleum refiners Ray Elshout Energy, Systems Engineering Steam reforming of natural gas at petroleum refining facilities is the predominant means of producing hydrogen in the chemical process industries (CPI). Areas where hydrogen is heavily consumed include ammonia production, the cryogenics industry and methanol production (Table 1). Because hydrogen needs within various sectors of the CPI are at their highest levels in history, and are continuing to grow, an understanding of this method of hydrogen production and purification can be useful. A major percentage of hydrogen used in the CPI goes toward...

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